Everest Mount 1996

Introduction Everest has attracted many people throughout decades. Successful expeditions to the summit encouraged many people to try their strength. However, many people lost their lives in such attempts. For instance, the expeditions led by Rob Hall and Scott Fischer in 1996 illustrate dangers associated with ascent of Everest. On May, 10 five people, including Hall and Fischer, lost their lives during this ascent (Roberto Carioggia 2003).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Everest Mount 1996 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many people strived to find out what exactly led to such dramatic outcomes. Some argue that Fischer and Hall turned out to be bad leaders as they made far too many mistakes. However, others claim that there can be no lawless ascents of Everest. Admittedly, there can be no single answer to this question though it is inappropriate to blame Hall and Fischer as they were not totally responsi ble for the tragedy that took place. Peculiarities of the mount Everest and its summit became known to the western world in the beginning of the twentieth century. Since then many people have tried to reach its summit. By 1980s more than hundred climbers reached the summit (Roberto Carioggia 2003). However, a lot more people died during their attempts. Notably, many experienced and highly skilled climbers lost their lives. Admittedly, one of the major reasons why people failed to reach the summit was very changeable weather. Nonetheless, it is necessary to note that though weather conditions are crucial, people are also responsible for tragedies that often take place there. Admittedly, the spread of touristic tours to the summit increases cases of deaths in Everest. The expeditions of Hall and Fischer prove that even those who reached the summit of Everest cannot guarantee safety of such tourists. Evaluation of the two leaders’ actions In the first place, it is important to note that Hall and Fischer were experienced climbers. Apparently, they could not make any mistakes. However, it is possible to point out some erroneous actions which, in combination with extreme weather conditions, led to the tragedy. In the first place, they knew challenges that an individual could experience during the ascent. More so, they took the responsibility to guide their tourists to the summit. Apart from this, Hall and Fischer overestimated their abilities during the ascent as well. For instance, even though Hall himself stressed the necessity to stick to the schedule, he let his people waste a lot of time and he did not make those who were too slow to descend when necessary. Hall overestimated his abilities as he decided that he would manage to guide everyone safely. As far as Fischer is concerned, he also overestimated his physical abilities. Thus, he ignored the necessity to get ready for the ascent and turned out to be unprepared for such physical loads. Finally, the lack of communication between the tourists and the instructors also played negative role.Advertising Looking for case study on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The lessons to be learnt It goes without saying that the expeditions led by Hall and Fischer can be regarded as important lessons for leaders in different fields of management, leadership and decision making. In the first place, leaders should always remember that they are responsible for well-being of people they are in charge of. Thus, leaders should always remember that they are just like Hall and Fischer, i.e. they also need to guide members of their groups trying to avoid any possible dangers. Leaders should always associate themselves with the climbers who were responsible for their tourists’ lives. Thus, leaders should think of all challenges their subordinates can face. The leader should foresee difficulties to make his/her subordinates ready fo r upcoming challenges. Apart from responsibility, leaders should estimate their own abilities properly. Thus, Hall and Fischer overestimated their abilities and this led to the tragedy. Therefore, successful and responsible leaders should be critical. In the first place, they should make sure they know exactly what can be expected from them. They should also be sure they can meet their groups’ expectations. For instance, the leader should take into account all possible scenarios and know how to deal with this or that issue. At that, the leader should make sure he/she can cope with all possible issues to occur. Therefore, if the leader has any doubts concerning his/her abilities, it is important to think of other ways to deal with a problem. Perhaps, the leader should delegate some of his/her responsibilities. Admittedly, it is important to understand which duties can be delegated, and which should be handled by the leader only. Besides, the leader should always have a precise plan which will help to complete certain tasks. More so, the leader should never forget about the plan. The present case study perfectly illustrates the importance of sticking to the plan. Thus, the two climbers violated their own rules and this also negatively affected the outcomes of the ascent. Of course, the leader should be really precise especially when it comes to a plan implementation. Therefore, checklists and timelines can help to stick to the initial plan.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Everest Mount 1996 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Of course, the plan should also be flexible. Nonetheless, it is inappropriate to change central points in the plan as this can lead to failure. The leader should remember this when making his/her subordinates follow the plan. Finally, the leader should be ready to take hard decisions. The case study shows that some of Hall’s and Fischer’s decision s were arguable. Something could have been delegated while sometimes the climbers should have been stricter. The leader should be ready to take on responsibility to make decisions which can seem controversial if the leader knows perfectly well that this decision will make the project successful. Thus, the leader should weigh each decision and he/she should prioritize activities, projects, etc. Finally, the leaders should also remember about the importance of proper communication between their subordinates. The lack of communication in the case with the expedition played a very tragic role. Likewise, the lack of communication between the members of the group can lead to the project’s failure. Therefore, the leader should make sure there is proper communication between the members of the group. It is one of the leader’s responsibilities to establish appropriate communicative channels. Thus, the leader as well as members of the group will be able to trace all possible pro blems (deviations from plan, changing of settings, etc.) in time which will enable the group to solve all the issues. Conclusion To sum up, the present study dwells upon one of the most tragic ascents of Everest. The case study focuses on Hall’s and Fischer’s actions during the ascent. It is possible to state that the present case study can be a perfect guidance for leaders in such fields as management, leadership and decision making. Leaders in many spheres of life can benefit from learning valuable lessons. Thus, the case study reveals the importance of the leader’s precision. Obviously, leaders should be responsible and they should critically estimate their own abilities to guide people in this or that situation.Advertising Looking for case study on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Roberto, MA Carioggia, GM 2003, Mount Everest – 1996†², Harvard Business School, no. 9-303-061, pp. 1-22. This case study on Everest Mount 1996 was written and submitted by user Emmett Hewitt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pride and Prejudice Themes and Literary Devices

Pride and Prejudice Themes and Literary Devices Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a classic comedy of manners that satirizes 18th-century society and, particularly, the expectations placed on women of the era. The novel, which follows the romantic entanglements of the Bennet sisters, includes themes of love, class, and, as one might guess, pride and prejudice. These are all covered with Austen’s signature wit, including the literary device of free indirect discourse that permits a particular style of in-depth, sometimes satirical narration. Love and Marriage As one might expect from a romantic comedy, love (and marriage) is a central theme to Pride and Prejudice. In particular, the novel focuses on the different ways love may grow or disappear, and whether or not society has room for romantic love and marriage to go together. We see love at first sight (Jane and Bingley), love that grows (Elizabeth and Darcy), and infatuation that fades (Lydia and Wickham) or has faded (Mr. and Mrs. Bennet). Throughout the story, it becomes apparent that the novel is arguing that love based on genuine compatibility is the ideal. Marriages of convenience are presented in a negative light: Charlotte marries the obnoxious Mr. Collins out of economic pragmatism and admits as much, while Lady Catherine’s imperious attempts at forcing her nephew Darcy to marry her daughter to consolidate estates are presented as outdated, unfair, and, ultimately, an unsuccessful power grab. Like several of Austen’s novels, Pride and Prejudice also cautions against infatuation with overly charming people. Wickham’s smooth manner easily charms Elizabeth, but he turns out to be deceitful and selfish and not a good romantic prospect for her. Real love is found in compatibility of character: Jane and Bingley are well-suited because of their absolute kindness, and Elizabeth and Darcy come to realize that both are strong-willed but kind and intelligent. Ultimately, the novel is a strong recommendation of love as a basis for marriage, something that was not always the case in its era. The Cost of Pride The title makes it pretty clear that pride is going to be an important theme, but the message is more nuanced than just the concept itself. Pride is presented as perfectly reasonable to some degree, but when it gets out of hand, it gets in the way of the characters’ happiness. Thus, the novel suggests that an excess of pride is costly. As Mary Bennet says in one of her memorable quotes, Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us.  In Pride and Prejudice, there are plenty of prideful characters, mostly among the wealthy. Pride in social position is the most common failing: Caroline Bingley and Lady Catherine both believe themselves superior because of their money and social privilege; they also are vain because they are obsessed with maintaining this image. Darcy, on the other hand, is intensely proud but not vain: he does initially place too high a value on social station, but he is so proud and secure in that pride that he doesn’t bother with even basic social niceties. This pride costs him Elizabeth at first, and it is not until he learns to temper his pride with compassion that he becomes a worthy partner. Prejudice In Pride and Prejudice, â€Å"prejudice† is not as socially charged as it is in contemporary usage. Here, the theme is more about preconceived notions and snap judgments rather than race- or gender-based biases. Prejudice is a flaw of several characters, but first and foremost it is the main flaw of our protagonist Elizabeth. She prides herself on her ability to judge character, but her observations also lead her to form bias very quickly and deeply. The most obvious example of this is her immediate prejudice against Mr. Darcy because of his dismissal of her at the ball. Because she’s already formed this opinion, she is predisposed to believe Wickham’s tales of woe without stopping to think twice. This prejudice leads her to judge him unfairly and to reject him based on partially inaccurate information. Elizabeth and Darcys relationship embodies many of the themes of Pride and Prejudice (Photo credit: Focus Features). Prejudice is not necessarily a bad thing, the novel seems to say, but like pride, it is only good so long as it is reasonable. For instance, Jane’s total lack of bias and over-willingness to â€Å"think well of everyone,† as Elizabeth puts it, is detrimental to her happiness, as it blinds her to the Bingley sisters’ true natures until it’s almost too late. Even Elizabeth’s prejudice against Darcy is not entirely unfounded: he is, in fact, proud and thinks himself above many of the people around them, and he does act to separate Jane and Bingley. In general, prejudice of the common sense variety is a useful tool, but unchecked prejudice leads to unhappiness. Social Status In general, Austen’s novels tend to focus on gentry- that is, non-titled people with some land holdings, although of varying financial statuses. The gradations between the rich gentry (like Darcy and Bingley) and those who aren’t so well off, like the Bennets, become a way to distinguish sub-strata within the gentry. Austens depictions of hereditary nobility are often a little satirical. Here, for instance, we have Lady Catherine, who at first seems powerful and intimidating. When it really comes down to it (that is, when she tries to stop the match between Elizabeth and Darcy), she is utterly powerless to do anything except yell and sound ridiculous. Although Austen does indicate that love is the most important thing in a match, she also does match up her characters with socially â€Å"appropriate† matches: the successful matches are all within their same social class, even if not of equal finances. When Lady Catherine insults Elizabeth and claims that she would be an unsuitable wife for Darcy, Elizabeth calmly replies, â€Å"He is a gentleman; I am a gentleman’s daughter. So far, we are equal.† Austen does not upend the social order in any radical way, but rather gently mocks people who obsess too much about social and financial status. Free Indirect Discourse One of the most important literary devices a reader will encounter in a Jane Austen novel is free indirect discourse. This technique is used to slide into a character’s mind and/or emotions without stepping away from third-person narration. Instead of adding a tag such as â€Å"he thought† or â€Å"she supposed,† the narrator relays a character’s thoughts and feelings as if they themselves were speaking, but without breaking from the third-person perspective. For instance, when Bingley and his party first arrive at Meryton and meet the people gathered there, Austen uses free indirect discourse to put readers directly in Bingley’s head: â€Å"Bingley had never met with pleasanter people or prettier girls in his life; every body had been most kind and attentive to him, there had been no formality, no stiffness, he had soon felt acquainted with all the room; and as to Miss Bennet, he could not conceive an angel more beautiful.† These are not statements of fact so much as they are a relay of Bingley’s thoughts; one could easily replace â€Å"Bingley† and â€Å"he/his/him† with â€Å"I† and â€Å"me† and have a perfectly sensible first-person narration from Bingley’s perspective. This technique is a hallmark of Austen’s writing and is useful in several ways. First and foremost, it’s a sophisticated way of integrating a character’s inner thoughts into third-person narration. It also offers an alternative to constant direct quotations and tags like â€Å"he said† and â€Å"she thought.† Free indirect discourse allows the narrator to convey both the content of a character’s thoughts and the tone, by using language that resembles the words the characters themselves would choose. As such, it’s a crucial literary device in Austen’s satirical approach to country society.

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Corporate Social Responsibility reporting usually brings company graph higher which encourages more stakeholders, shareholders and investors. Many researches reveal the fact that through communicating CSR reports whether internally or externally, the ultimate benefit goes to the corporation. CSR reporting is usually related with positive virtues of the corporations which confirms that corporation is working in accordance with societal obligations specified by the law. CSR reporting helps its stakeholders to create their critical opinion upon firm’s activities and these opinions keep firm under the regulatory control. Number of researches supports the argument that CSR communication and information mostly attract stakeholders to the firm but besides attraction too much communication and information can also be seen as company is hiding some of its unlawful actions and through CSR communication they are trying to maintain their public relations. CSR regulatory surveillance and c ritical opinion of shareholders have been developed strongly and are increasing continuously. Nowadays, the critical opinion of regulators or stakeholders does not only influence company’s decisions but its impact can be seen throughout the society and throughout the production process of the company.... Now it depends upon managers how do they overcome this challenge but in the process a clever manager may overrule the critical opinion of shareholders and just provide CSR information just to maintain public relations fooling both regulatory surveillance authorities and shareholders around (Craig-Lees, 2001). Over decades many theories, models and strategies have been developed to ensure beneficial CSR reporting which explains actions of the company and environmental performance too. Over past decade few strategies have developed specifying models for public relations in the process of CSR communication. These model unfold company’s information strategies to their stakeholders and feedback from shareholders. These strategies over period have attempted to ensure sophisticated two way communication though one way communication is necessary but that is not enough for continuous delivery of environmental performance (Freeman, 1984). Three CSR communication strategies are as stakeh older information strategy, stakeholder response strategy and stakeholder involvement strategy. First strategy of stakeholder information is a one way communication model which flows information from company to shareholders (Grunig & Hunt, 1984). According to this theory CSR communication is considered as a process of informing stakeholders which purposefully publicise information related to welfare deeds and environmental performance. The only purpose of this strategy is to publicise information objectively through publications, through press conference and through media to enlighten general public, regulators, politicians and shareholders. This strategy only consider

Nursing Theorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Theorists - Essay Example Through nursing theories, people are able to develop, describe, disseminate and apply the present knowledge in nursing. The role of nursing theories is that they offer a framework through which nurses are able to systematize their practice of nursing (Tomey, 2002). Besides, nursing theories allow the validation and development of current nursing knowledge. Over the years, there have been various figureheads who have advanced their theories concerning nursing, and these are applicable even today. They include; Dorothea Orem, Ida Jean Orlando, Callista Roy, Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, Hildegard Peplau, Margaret Newman, Jean Watson, just to name a few (Tomey, 2002). Of all the famous nursing theorists in history, Florence Nightingale’s philosophy appeals to me most and closely aligns with mine. Florence Nightingale Biography Florence Nightingale was born on the 12th of May, 1820 in Florence, Italy and died in London, England, on the 13th of August, 1910. She was the founder of modern nursing and her works contributed to noteworthy improvement in the public health sector. Hailing from a wealthy family, Florence led the high social life that her family had introduced her to. Even though she was tempted by the bliss of high social lifestyles, Nightingale wanted to be independent and active in some activity, while being a God fearing lady (Mark, 2008).

Pathological rationalism Essay Example for Free

Pathological rationalism Essay Perhaps being rational is relating a reason for a certain action. It is the act of trying to put meaning on an occurrence by which the details, the actions and the responses are being noted to make a sound conclusion. On the other hand, the term pathological implies that something is unreasonable or uncontrollable. When both terms are combined, it would simply mean extreme reasoning or uncontrollable act of putting reasons for a certain act. A situation wherein pathological reasoning is observed is when celebrities like Paris Hilton, Britney Spears and Lindsay Lohan are being followed by the media men only to cite their day to day activities that had caused them to be sued, imprisoned or accused of certain crimes that I think are not significant to the society of America or even the showbiz world. Like when Britney Spears shoved off her hair and when Paris Hilton was imprisoned because of disobeying traffic rules, I was thinking, what was with it that is worth the time and effort of the media men and its audience? Is it just for the laughter or do these media people recognize that there is more need in making the youth aware of their responsibilities to the state. All throughout the world, the media had been reiterating the situations of the three only to let the others know how tragic these young stars had evolved. For all we know, these three have been in the industry for so long, that their teenage and child lives had been opened to the public, and now, the media portrays that these â€Å"innocent-before† faces can go astray. The media only gives the youth the idea of becoming wild, law breakers and for some overly liberated women. If I am to be ask on what to so with these, it can be a good solution that the media features people that are with good background in order to enlighten the youth’s mind that they will be able to know the right things to do growing up and being given greater responsibilities as their age are being increased. Instead of featuring blunt and bad personalities, I think it will be better if there will be more issues on personalities that do charity works and other noble works.

Plagiarism :: Ethics Writing

Day by day, people become having more greed. We notice that they try to cheat or steal anything to achieve their goals. Nowadays, big companies are specialized only to imitate products, without permissions by the manufacturing companies, such as car spare parts, clothes and shoes. Likewise so many writers commit plagiarism because they merely think about their own good, while they do not think about the consequences. The way of paying the price of this kind of crime depends on the reaction of the original writers or the organizations investigating their laws to protect copyright. First, plagiarizing students must be expelled. Many students are not well aware of the strict law preventing them to use even some statements from other resources without citation or quotation. According to the website Hamptonroads.com, the student Allison Routman, studying in the U.Va. Shipboard program, was accused of plagiarism when she borrowed some phrases from Wikipedia.com to support her outline assignment of the movie â€Å" Europa Europa†. Even though, she claimed that nobody had explained anything relating to plagiarism and said she did not made up as the other students who confessed that they did copying from some sources because she did think she was working well on her homework, the officials and her teacher did not admit her apology. They said this was her fault because she was supposed to read the documents including the honor-code of the university they gave her in the beginning of the summer semester. Finally she was victim of plagiarism nonetheless she did no t intend that. (1) In addition, plagiarizing writers might be sued by courts. Some writers may not only do copying the whole structure, but also lead to bad reputation by falsifying the real purpose of the original writing from serious to nonsense. According to the Telegraph.co.uk, the former English teacher Dan Brown, 39 years old, plagiarized the architecture of two books, The Holy Blood and The Holy Grail of the writers Baigent, Leigh and Lincoln, converting their serious ideas, which discuss the hypothesis of Jesus’ marriage with Magdalene and their distinct, to comedian story describing a professor at Harvard tried among conspiracy to stop Jesus to marry Magdalene. They did a long research for six years to write these books and to sell two million copies, and finally after twenty years Dan Brown ripped them off and sold much more copies. These authors except Lincoln insisted to claim to the court because they are convinced that there is no way to hush up.

Important Dates in American History Essay

Mayflower Compact When the pilgrims first arrived to America, the Mayflower Compact, as it is known now, was created. This was the foundation for the Plymouth colonies. To establish colonies, they would first need to obtain a patent from the King of England. However, the need to maintain a society was of great importance, therefore, the Mayflower Compact was established as a social contract. It was signed by all 41 men on the Mayflower. Revolutionary war The revolutionary war is a story that surrounds America’s founding concept; freedom. America, from 1775 – 1783, fought a vicious battle against England. The English sought to control America; they did everything they could to weaken America, such as placing soldiers in their homes and expecting them to provide for him. Eventually, the war broke out. However, after a fierce battle, we were granted our freedom, and our forefathers tale and sacrifice is one that we acknowledge with pride. WWI World War I started as a spark and ended as an explosion like no other. After the assassination of Arch-duke Franz Ferdinand, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria declared a strike against Serbia. However, sticking with the theme of American History, America did not enter the war until later when Germany began sinking American submarines. the U.S. Congress declared war on the sixth of April, 1917. The Great Depression On October of 1929, the stock market crashed, devastating 40% of the value of common stock. The stock market continued to fall until people lost their jobs and life-savings. During this period, Franklin Roosevelt took the lead as president and introduce the policy known as the ‘New Deal’. This policy created intuitive legislative ideas and helped production of goods and prices, however, this was not enough to end the depression. The WPA was created in order to provide jobs; 9 million people gained positions from this program, and later, the Social Security Act of 1935. Both the New Deal and WWII are ideas of how the Great Depression came to a halt. McCarthyism McCarthyism is a shameful period of American History. A fear of the spread of communism led to blackmail. During the 1940’s, McCarthy, a senator, claimed to know the names of over 200 card-carrying communist in the U.S.. This began a hunt for infiltrators. Writers were often named communist sympathizers and were often unable to continue working. However, in more serious cases, some were jailed for refusing to give the names of communists. The media could not stand-up to McCarthy in fear that they, like three-hundred others, would be blacklisted. Resources: Plymouth.org – Mayflower Compact CIA.gov – Revolutionary War PBS.org – WWI Historylearningsite.co.uk – America and WWI